Evaporator.



F. M. DE BEER S.

BVAPDRATOR.

APPpIcAnoN FILED JULY 19, 1913 1,117,005, Patented N0v.10,1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

P. M. DE BEERS. EVAPORA'I'OR.

APPLICATION FILED-JULY 19, 1913. 1 1 1 7,005.

Patented Nov. 10, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

0000000 oono oooc F. M. DE BEERS.

EVAPORATORJ APPLIQATION FILED JULY 19, 1913- Patented Nov. 10, 1914.

4 SHBETS-SHEET 4.

w w v e 8 m n M 7 w m A 4 FRANKLIN M. m: BEERS, O1 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

EVAPORATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 10, 1914.

Application filed July 19, 1913. Serial 110. 779,914.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANKLIN M. on Balms, a citizen of the UnitedStates, reslding at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State ofIllinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inEvaporators, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in evaporators and has for itsgeneral object to provide an improved construction of leadlinedevaporator for the treatment of materials or liquors which will attackiron, copper, or metals other than lead.

Heretofore efforts have been made to provide lead-lined evaporators, butsuch efforts have resulted, to the best of my knowledge, only in theproduction of structures which are very expensive of manufacture orunsatisfactory in use. One of the factors to be considered in theconstruction of evaporators of the class to which my invention isparticularly a plicable, is the requisite maintenance 0 a vacuumtendency, or less than atmospheric pressure within the evaporator. Inefforts heretofore made to line eva-porators with sheet lead this facthas caused trouble in that under the vacuum tendency existing within theevaporator the lead often manifests a tendency to separate from thesupporting iron, to the ultimate destruction of the integrity of theleadcoating. Effort has been made to overcome this difiiculty bychanneling the rear surface of the lead, or the supporting iron, with aview of maintaining, throughout parts of the structure, the samesub-atmospheric pressure on both sides of the lead, but this ismanifestly expensive, difiicult, and not particularly efiicacious, andfurthermore the weight of the lead sheets causes themin time to sag.

and break. Some efforts have been made toward providing evaporators withlead sociated with its ferrous reinforcing or foundation structure as toform substantially a mechanical unit therewith, free from thedisadvantages heretofore referred vto, and capable of being made atrelatively small expense.

In the drawings wherein I have illustrated an embodiment of my inventionFigure 1 is a side elevation, with parts broken away, of an evaporatorconstructed in accordance with the teachings of my invention. Fig. 2 isan end elevation thereof with parts broken away. Fig. 3 is a section online 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line 4-4 of Fig. 1;Fig. 5 is a vertical section on line 55 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a verticallongitudinal section on line 6-6 of Fig. 2'; Fi 7 is a transversesection on line 7-7 0 Fig. 1 and Fig.8 is a sectional detail on line 8-8ofvFig. 2. Fig. 9 is a sectional detail on line 99 of Fig. 2'. In thedrawings the evaporator is shown as of a horizontal vapor tube type,consisting in general of a shell 10'comprising side members 1111, topand bottom members 12 and 12', usually arched, and end members 13, allappropriately connected. The general nature of such an evaporator iswell.

understood, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that 15and 15Zrepresent the steam or vapor chests connected to the opposite endmembers and respectively provi ed with usual inlet 16 and outlet 16',said chests communicating with each other through the horizontal tubes17 which extend through the end walls of the shell proper andare usuallysecured to tube plates 18 in groups of four.

19 represents the liquor outlet, and 20 the vapor outlet, these twocommunicating with the interior of the shell through the bottom arch 12and to arch 12 respectively.

21 indicates t e usual man hole construction in the lower part of therear end wall,

and 22 the customary peep hole structures let' into the end walls.

All of the-parts exposed interiorly in the shell should be lead surfacedfor protection against the action of the liquor, and I will thereforedescribe in detail an embodiment 11 I preferably employ a plurality ofoblong plates 25 each comprising an apertured ferrous foundation withappropriate reinforcements, and a lead covering for the foundation.Specifically each plate preferably comprises a rectangular border frameconsisting of end members 26 and top and bottom members 27, each made ofangle iron with one leg lying parallel with the face of the completedplate and the other forming an edge-flange extending at ri ht anglesthereto, these two limbs constituting what I may term the face leg andthe edge leg. Such border frame is preferably braced 1n the direction ofits narrower dimension, by braces 28, which are preferably T-irons,riveted to the frame members 27 with their heads formed to lie in thesame plane with the face legs of the frame, and their central limbsconstituting outwardly projecting ribs, preferably extending to the samedistance outwardly as the edge legs of the border frame.

To the face members of the frame and braces is riveted an aperturedferrous foundation plate 30, preferably continuous throughout theplate-unit and formed of sheet steel or other adequatel stron material,provided, throughout su stantia y its entire surface exposed between theframe members, with suitable perforations 31 at short intervals. Otherforms of apertured foundation might leased to more or less advantage.Upon this foundation I cast a 35 body of lead, preferably an antimonialallo in which, in practice, the antimony may a vantageously amount tosay 3 per cent. of the composition, to give to the alloy considerablehardness and strength, said lead covering, as indicated at 33, extendingover the entire interior surfaces of plate, through the perforations 31and over and around, preferably completely to embed, the ed e flanges ofthe foundation frame, so that t e foundation is entirely covered insideand substantiall covered outside with the lead which bon s through theapertures 31 integrally to unite the inner and outer layers of the lead.Y In molding such coverings on so the foundation I prefer that fillets33' of lead shall extend partway up the projecting. ribs of the T-bars28, and I prefer that the portions of the reinforcing irons embedded inthe lead covering shall be perforated to some extent so that lead.covering may bond therethroulgh. Such construction makes a substantia yinseparable union between the reinforcing foundation and the lead, .at-

many points, and the lead, particularlyif it be of an antimonial alloy,is adequately strong and durable to withstand all requirements of use.

As best shown in Fig. 4 the relatively narrow, 10 plates from which Iconstruct the side wal are secured together by bolts 35 taking throughthe edge flanges of the frame members 27, the confronting and contactinglead bodies which cover said flanges insuring air tight connectionbetween plates when the bolts are drawn up. To

prevent the bolt heads and nuts from sink-' ing into the lead Ipreferably provide along each bolt-receiving surface of the platepressure-distributing means for receiving the bolt heads and nuts, suchmeans preferably taking the form of continuous iron strips 36 eachsuitably apertured for the reception of a plurality of bolts, thestrips, of course, being divided into lengths appropriate to accommodateany interrupting projections such as the ribs formed by the T iron 28.

The upper and lower arches forming the roof and bottom of the structuremay be made substantially alike, and each is shown as providing at itstwo ends arcuate frame members 40 of angle iron, each having its edgeflange or leg curved in a plane parallel with the end lane of thestructure and having its face eg bowed on the appropriate arch. Thefeet, or lower end of these extreme arches 40 are connected together bylongitudinal angle iron 41 each having an outwardly extending edge limband having its face limb extendin along the arch, so completing a borderame for the arch. Arched T-bars 42, each with its central rib extendingoutwardly, are secured to the edge members 41 at relatively shortintervals, preferably on centers about half as far apart as are thereinforcing T-bars of the side plates, each such arched'T-bar preferablyhaving in its several limbs appropriate apertures through which the leadcovering may .bond.

On acount of the inherent strength of the arch formation, the strengthof 'a suitable lead alloy, and the closeness of spacing of thereinforcing T-bars, I am able to dispense with the erforatedfoundation-plate in-the roof andh ribbed frame directly in a lead wallwhich covers the edge frame completely, inside and out, invests theheads of all of the T- bars, and preferably extends in fillets up theribs'formed by t as best shown in Fig. 6.

ottom structures, and I mold the e stems of said T-bars,

To provide for the connection of-the out- I let ducts- 19 or 20, or theformation of other suitable apertures in the top or bottom arches, Ipreferably employ the construction illustrated in Fig. 7 where 45indicates a metallic foundation of a connection neckf orrim having abase flange 45' which is riveted to the extremities of any T-bars 42which it magmintercept, said rim/45 ha suitable bon g apertures madetherein being molded, together with the frame skel eton which carriesit, in the: lead body preferably so that it is in inside out in thelead, and so that the lead extends ,over the upper end of the part 45 toform a.

compressible seat for the piping to be connected thereto. Y

It will be understood that the horizontal edge limbs of arch-framemembers 41 are bolted to the contiguous edge flanges of the side wallsby; bolts 36, .in the same manner heretofore described with respect tothe connection of the unit plates of the side walls.

Owing to the fact that only the lower portions of the end wall areperforated to support the pipes or tubes 17 I prefer that the pipesupporting portion of the end wall be made in one section and the upperportion of the wall in a separate section. Specifically each lowersection 13 is preferably made of a foundation plate 30 havingthereintube receiving apertures 47 larger than the diameter of the leadcovered tubes 17, said plate also being perforated, in the same manneras the side wall plates, throughout the portions thereof which lie aboveand below the tube receiving area and said plate being provided at itsupper edge with an angle iron 48 having an outwardly projecting edgeflange. The vapor chest 15 attached to the end plate, and the connectionof the end plate structure to the side wall, gives adequate strength todispense with further reinforcing. As shown in Fig. 8, the plate 30 ismolded in its lead covering, inside and out, the lead being allowed tocover the edges of the apertures 47 to such extent that a lead packingis interposed between the lead covered tube 17 and the ferrousfoundation plate 30.

The upper section 13 of each end plate is provided with an aperturedfoundation plate 30 having on its lower edge an angle iron 48 and it ispreferably transversely braced by T irons 4:9 bolted thereto, the wholebeing covered with lead layers bonding through the apertures in themanner heretofore described. The lead covered abutting flanges formed bythe angle iron 4:8 and 48 are bolted together, as at 36, and bolts 36taking through the erimeter of the end plates 13 and 13" an into the endflanges of the arch members and side members complete the union of theshell members.

; For carrying the shell, suitable feet 50 may be bolted to the ribs 42of the bottom arch so that the same may be mounted upon suitablesupports 51.

able apertures 55 may in the ferrous-foundation. These struts are ofsuflicient length to span the interior of the structure lengthwlse orcrosswise as the case may be, and

. each strut is detachably positioned in cleats 56. Each such cleatstructure, as best shown in Figs. 3 and 5, consist of a U shapefoundation strap 57, of iron bolted to the foundation plate at a pointwhere the latter receives support from one of its braces, the cleatfoundation being completely invested in lead in the molding operationand the clearance between its lead-covered legs being just sufficient toreceive the lead covered rib of the T bar, so that the head of the T barrests on the edges of the projecting limbs of the cleats. 1

While I have herein described in some detail a particular embodiment ofmy invention for purposes of full disclosure, it will be apparent tothose skilled in the art that numerous changes in structural details ofar rangement might be made Without departure from the spirit of myinvention and within the scope of the appended claims.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

1. An evaporator structure providing a shell wall consisting of anapertured ferrous foundation having angle-ironf-edge strips, and a leadcovering therefor, said covering constituting the entire interiorsurface and part of the exterior surface thereof, comletely investingthe edge-strips and-bonding through the openings.

2. In an evaporator, a shell comprising a plurality of sections, eachconsisting of a ferrous foundation having openings therethrough andhaving flat edge portions disposed to confront all of the contlguousmembers when the sections are, assembled, and

a lead body constituting the entire interior 'surface of each sectionand part of its ex terior surface and bonding through the openings inthe foundation, said. lead-body extending continuously from the interiorcovering to a bonded portion of the exterior lead covering and socompletely investing the ed e; said sections being secured togetherWltl'l' a lead-covered edge portion of each receiving in contacttherewith a lead covered portion of the adjoining sections 3. A platefor lead lined evaporators comprising an apertured ferrous foundationplate, apertured ribs secured to said plate at intervals between itsends and extending outwardly therefrom, and a lead body covering theinside and outside exposed portions of said ferrous plate and bondingthrough the apertures therein and through the rib-apertures; I

4. A plate for lead lined evaporators comprising an apertured ferrousfoundation plate, a border frame therefor, ribs secured to said plateand extending outwardly therefrom, and a body of antimonial leadcovering the inside and outside exposed portions of said ferrous plateand bonding through the apertures therein.

5. In an evaporator, a shell comprising a plurality of sections formingend walls, side walls and top and bottom walls, one of which is arched,said arched wall comprising an arched edge frame, of ferrous material,ribs of ferrous material connecting opposed portions of said edge frame,anda body of lead uniting said frame members and ribs and constitutingthe interior and exterior surfaces of the structure, said lead bodybeing solid between the ribs.

6. In an evaporator, a shell comprising a plurality of sections formingend walls, side walls and top and bottom walls, one of which is arched,said arched wall comprising an arched edge frame, of ferrous material,ribs of ferrous material connecting opposed portions of said edge frameand a body of antimonial lead uniting said frame members and ribs andconstituting the interior and exterior surfaces of the structure, saidlead body being solid between the ribs.

7. In an evaporator, a shell comprising side members, top and bottommembers, and end members, each said member comprising a'ferrousfoundation having apertures therein and a lead body constituting theexposed surfaces interiorly and exteriorly cast on said foundation andbonding through the' apertures therein, the contiguous edges of all ofthe members being lead invested continuously from the interior surfaceto the exterior surface, and secured together lead to lead.

8. A plate for a lead lined evaporator comprismg in combination anapertured ferrous foundation-plate, edge frame members having outwardlyprojecting edge flanges, and strengthening ribs secured to said plateand extending from flange to flange thereof, and a lead body coveringthe inner and outer exposed surfaces of said plate and completelyenveloping the edge flanges thereof and the bases of the ribs, said bodybonding through the apertures in the ferrous foundation plate.

9. In an evaporator, a shell comprising side members, top and bot ommembers, and end members, each said member providing a ferrousfoundation having openings therein and a body of lead forming inner andouter exposed surfaces of the members and bonding through the openingsin the foundation, lead covered struts interposed between opposingmembers of the shell and cleats to receive such struts, each said cleatcomprising a ferrous foundation member secured to the ferrous foundationof its appropriate shell member and invested with a lead covering incommon with said shell member.

10. In an evaporator of the character described providing end membershaving tubes extending therethrough, a tube receiving end membercomprising a ferrous foundation plate having apertures therein largerthan the diameters of the tubes to be received, and a lead body coveringthe inner and outer surfaces of said ferrous foundation plate extendingthrough the tube receiving apertures to bond the inner and outerportions of the lead, and leaving through each said bond a tubereceiving opening surounded by the lead, combined with tubeslead-covered throughout their mid portions to their hearings in theplate, and gaskets e06 crating with the lead covered portions 0 thetubes and the contiguous lead-covered plates.

11. In an evaporator, a shell comprising side members each comprising anapertured ferrous plate, angle-iron border flanges around its foursides, ribs secured to the plate traversing it from flange to flange,and an interior lead covermg bonding through the apertures and investingthe outwardly extending surfaces of the borderflanges; top and bottommembers having angle-iron border frames, one of said mem bers beingarched and comprising ribs of ferrous material connecting the sides ofthe border frame and a body of lead uniting said frame members and ribssolidly between the ribs, and investing the outwardly extending surfacesof the border-frame;

and end members each consisting of a plate for flat contact with saidoutwardly extend ing surfaces and comprising an apertured flat ferrousfoundation, exterior ribs traversing said foundation, and a body of leadcovering said foundation to coact with the contiguous lead-coveredsurfaces and bonding through said apertures.

12. In an evaporator shell, contiguous plates, one thereof comprising aferrous foundation with apertures therethrough, border flangesprojecting therefrom, a lead body covering the interior surface of theplate, completely investing its border flange and bonding through sa dapertures, and

-means for connecting said contiguous plates comprising spaced bolts,and a-bolt-receiving strip overlying the lead invested flange of saidplate. I

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence of twowitnesses.

1 FRANKLIN M. on BEERS.

In the presence of- Foni'm BAIN, MARY F. ALLEN.

